Using Non Embryonic Stem Cells For Cure Degenerative Diseases

Using Non-Embryonic Stem Cells to Cure Degenerative Diseases Biological concepts and processes A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation. In simpler terms, it is a cell which has the potential to develop into a number of different cell types in the body. Because they are undifferentiated/unspecialised, this makes them capable of self-renewal by cell division, and can be induced to become specific mature cells with desired functions, meaning they can not only multiply, but turn into different types of tissues. In the world of health and medicine, this is very exciting. Stem cells are not only found in the human body. They exist in other advanced organisms, such as animals and plants. There are three known types of human stem cells; Embryonic, Induced pluripotent (iPS) and Adult stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent (capable of giving rise to several different cell types) cells derived from four to five day old embryos. These cells have the potential to differentiate into any cell in the human body. In most cases, these embryos are unwanted overflow from vitro fertilization clinic, rather than specifically created for the purpose of obtaining stem cells. There is a large ethical debate around the use of embryonic stems cells and experience has shown that there are often problems withShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Stem Cell Research1240 Words   |  5 Pagesyour body. This repair kit could have the ability to heal you from the majority of injuries or diseases, without fear of rejection or mechanical parts. This all could potentially be possible with the proper research into stem cells to treat injury or disease. However, the procedures followed for the research of stem cells have stirred up a hefty amount of controversy in the past and the present. Stem Cel l research has been argued to be an ethical choice due to its possibilities for simplified treatmentsRead More Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay examples2167 Words   |  9 PagesEmbryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cell research is a controversial topic nationwide, because of its clash of ethical and moral values. Many people, including those suffering from diseases that this research is seeking to cure, do not believe in killing a living embryo in order to advance research and science. â€Å"Even though having Parkinson’s Disease is something I’d rather not go through, I cannot find it in me to support embryonic stem cell research at this time in my life, simplyRead MoreThe Potential Benefits Of Cloning1068 Words   |  5 Pagesof plants has been practiced for hundreds of years. Cloning can be done on a larger level in animals and has potential benefits. The general process of cloning is to take one cell from the parent making the offspring and parent genetically identical (Tsunoda and Kato, 158-161). In addition by making completely identical cells, we can apply different treatments to different clones to see if they react in different ways. The potential benefits of cloning out way the consequences of cloning. In thisRead MoreEssay on Stem Cells2760 Words   |  12 Pagesof the most recent advances in stem cell research. 2.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells should be defined by their ability to renew themselves and diversify into other cell types. 3.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;There are several readily accessible sources of stem cells. Strict criteria apply to the use of these sources in medical research. 4.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Stem cells have wide potential application in medicine. quot;Adultquot; stem cells have already been used in the worldsRead MoreParkinson s Disease As A Medical Condition1437 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s disease has been known about since ancient times. In AD 175, the physician Galen described it as â€Å"shaking palsy† in Western medical literature. It wasn’t until 1817 that a London doctor, named James Parkinson, wrote a detailed medical essay on this disease. This essay established Parkinson’s disease as a recognized medical condition. He based the essay off of six cases he had observed previously and hoped that it would encourage others to study the disease. No such research was performedRead MoreStem Cell Controversy2805 Words   |  12 PagesStem Cell Controversy Stem cells were first isolated and cultured in November of 1998 and have been surrounded with much debate and controversy since day one. â€Å"Although the ethical debates have been mostly static and have closely mimicked the ethical debates over abortion, the political determinations concerning federal funding of stem cell research have gone through numerous evolutions in the years since the first hESCs were isolated and cultured† (Saltzberg 505). Research is currently beingRead MoreAn Introduction Of Regenerative Medicine2246 Words   |  9 Pagesrelative modern and multidisciplinary field of study, encompassing molecular biology, genetics, immunology and biochemistry.[1] It aims to recover the normal function of dysfunctional tissue and organs through repairing, replacing or regenerating human cells, tissue or organs. [2,3] Generally, there are three interrelated aspects to the regenerative medicine scope, i.e. rejuvenation, replacement and regeneration, respectively.[4] It is also represented as the â€Å"R3† regenerative medicine paradigm for theRead More Review of Research Paper on Parkinsons Disease Treatment2049 Words   |  9 PagesAbstract Attempts to cure or slow down the progression of Parkinson’s disease have largely failed; researchers in this paper maintain this is obviously a direct result of the lack of insight into the pathogenesis of the disease. Parkinson’s disease is the product of the deaths of a number of dopaminergic (dopamine-secreting) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region (SNc) of the brain. But what causes these deaths? In the paper â€Å"‘Rejuvenation’ protects neurons in mouse models ofRead MoreBCH190 Essay14810 Words   |  60 Pagescarbohydrates 3. The order that best represents size from the smallest to the largest biological entities is: (A) all answers are correct (B) Ribosomes-Mitochondria-Nuclei-Cells-Tissues (C) Organelles-Tissues-Organs-Organism-Species (D) Atoms-Molecules-Chain Molecules-Molecular- Structures-Organelles-Cells (E) Cells-Tissues-Organs-Individual 4. The major contributions to the discovery of the DNA double helix structure over fifty years ago, although not all were recognized by the NobelRead MoreDisenfranchisement: Voting is a Privelege that we Must Not Take for Granted5822 Words   |  24 Pagesdisenfranchised because of a felony conviction. This paper provides an overview and analysis of the unique practice of felon disenfranchisement in the United States today. We focus in particular on the political impact of disenfranchising large numbers of non-incarcerated felons-those who have served their entire sentences and those living in their home communities while completing a term of probation or parole. Our discussion is organized around three key issues relating to felon disenfranchisement: (1)

Youth obesity Free Essays

Game consoles, MacDonald’s, KFC, all companies that provide entertainment and fried foods for kids are the main causers of the growing number of children becoming obese. These companies are so prevalent on today’s youth’s lives that they make a profound impact on their health. With the rate that these companies are expanding worldwide, the rate at which children are becoming obese is bound to become even worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Youth obesity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Every corner you go around especially in America you will find a fast food restaurant. This is the main reason why America has the highest youth obesity rate. During the past 30 years the percentage of obese children between the ages of 6 and 11 has tripled. It is amazing is it not all we have to do to change this is adjust our food intake and watch our daily activities so I ask of you to join me and change for the better of our own lives. There are three causes of youth obesity that stood out from the rest for me. These are poor nutrition, low self esteem and a less – active – youth. Eating healthy means taking a lot more time to prepare a meal and it costs more than a readymade, extremely fast, unwatched while being cooked and full of oil fast food meal. A lot of parents are not educated with what is right for their children to be eating. So they leave their children to enjoy what they like instead of having a balanced diet. Children’s self esteems lower when they are obese because of society’s influences on being thin. As they get more obese their social interactions with other youths decrease because of this influence. Now the low self esteem that develops leads to children no longer being around others thus making them become less active which helps to make children even more obese. A study performed by Research Triangle Institute International for the Centres of Disease Control in Washington, DC surveyed 986 parents on childhood obesity and prevention. The results were as follows 49.5% did not feel schools had the right to record children’s weights. 72.9% felt that schools needed to provide weight loss and exercise programs. 39.1% thought an increase on the tax of fast food was constructive. 42.31% favoured the standardization of food portions in restaurants. You must be thinking that to stop obesity means we just have to remove fat from our diets. But you would be wrong stopping obesity does not just mean removing fat from your diets. Usually when people remove fat from their diet they will increase their intake of sugar, high density carbohydrates, and starches. This means you are having a low protein and fat meal which often leave people feeling hungry which leads to them filling their stomachs as soon as possible with whatever they can find to eat. That is wrong. You need to have and stick to a balanced diet. Most of us eat 3 large meals, breakfast, lunch and supper. That too is wrong. You need to eat six small meals and your last meal should be eaten at least two hours before going to sleep to allow for you to burn all fat and energy from the meal. This information was given to me by an actual dietician from CFB. Coming back to the topic of game consoles and I would like to add into that topic television. The question is, is television a friend or foe of youth obesity is what I shall answer for you. Every hour a child sits and plays a video game or watches TV they may double their risk of becoming obese. Glenda Nichols, Assistant Professor of Psychology at Tarrant County College she stated in an interview that on average a child watches or plays a video games for 7.1 hours a day. That equals to 25,000 hours of being in front of a television by the time that they would be seniors in high school. That is extremely dangerous because children are guaranteeing their chances of becoming obese. Some long term effects of childhood obesity are high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and the development of diseases such as type 2 diabetes. These are all very dangerous for the human body. But these are just a few of the many associated problems. More problems associated with obesity are: 1. Diabetes 2. Hyperlipidemia 3. Blood circulation diseases like arteriosclerosis, high blood pressure, heart disease, and palsy 4. Skin disease 5. Joint problems, back, knee, and ankle pain 6. Liver disease 7. Cholelithiasis 8. Menstrual abnormalities 9. Female infertility 10. Breast cancer 11. Endometrium cancer 12. Decline in libido 13. Mental stress We all live in a society that sends out very strong messages about beauty and body weight. Girls are encouraged to constantly diet and exercise until they attain a fit, thin body. Boys are told to constantly work out and do whatever is necessary to attain a buff, muscular figure. Am I wrong? So come on let’s follow the messages society sends to all of us together. I ask all of you to not do it for me but to do it for yourself. You will not forget it especially in the long run. So come on let’s get healthy. How to cite Youth obesity, Papers

Core Characteristics Of Japanese Human Resource Management Commerce Essay Example For Students

Core Characteristics Of Japanese Human Resource Management Commerce Essay Japan s economic system continued to turn easy in 2007. GDP is expected to turn 2 % for the twelvemonth, compared to 2.2 % in 2006 ( IMF figures ) . Unemployment besides stayed comparatively steady, at 3.8 % in November 2007. However, competition for skilled employees and alumnuss of top colleges has intensified significantly. In add-on, a combination of new Torahs and altering attitudes among employees is altering the human resources landscape in Japan. Basically the control system of a work force in Japan is similar to the American. The Nipponese corporations operate the employees so that the last worked every bit much as possible efficaciously. For accomplishment of this intent the Nipponese corporations use the American techniques of forces disposal, including effectual systems of a rewards, the analysis of the organisation of work and workplaces, enfranchisements of employees, etc. But there is besides a large difference between the American and Nipponese direction. The Nipponese corporations use fidelity helping to the companies more. The strong designation of employees with corporation creates strong ethical motives and behaviors to high efficiency. The Japanese control system aspires to beef up this designation, taking up it even to give to involvements of house. Outline1 Core features of the several human resource direction2 Labor Law3 Fidelity of employees and their designation with corporation4 Lifetime Employment5 Intensive duologue6 Wagess system7 Other benefits8 Rotation of stations9 Formation and preparation10 2. Corporate bargaining in Japan11 Recent tendencies in Nipponese Human Resource Management12 Laws and authorities activity13 Hiring and HR tendencies14 Decision Core features of the several human resource direction Labor Law The Nipponese companies about ever set up a policy on compensation, privileges, and working conditions on the footing of all company, alternatively of in separate labor contracts. HR policies are outlined in general in a figure employee regulations which must be submitted with the authorities for all workplaces with more than 10 employees. Besides, though the contract is non required harmonizing to the jurisprudence, the employee must be clearly notified refering its or its rewards, fillips, a holiday, etc. during engaging that normally called the Employment Notice. Contracts though non common, are used when using people for fixed footings which can simplify terminal. Contracts with the fixed term can non be stretched any more than 3 old ages. What regulations concern creative activity of a policy of a workplace? Basically, the Nipponese jurisprudence transportations under the authorization 40-hour working hebdomad and the 8-hour the on the job twenty-four hours for the bulk of industries. Overtime payment is established in on 25 % above a regular payment. As to pattern, nevertheless, many companies expect that their employees will work well on that bound, without an overtime payment. Recently, Ministry of Health, the Labour and Wellfare ( MHLW ) finished with this pattern, meaning for 1000 companies and telling, that they have paid overtime rewards. Japan has 14 national vacations, and the demand of 10 extra yearss of the paid holiday, bit by bit increasing by 20 yearss after 6A? old ages of service. Some companies besides give to their employees all first hebdomad of May off ( Gold Week ) , because of three back-to-back national vacations on May, 3-5rd. The recent statute law has established the new norms covering intervention of employees which are pregnant or have kids. 12-14 hebdomads of a pregnancy leave ( non paid, with the governmental insurance upon the unwellnesss, supplying the grant ) , are mandatory, and it is illegal to disregard person because of gestation. Inquiries about non paid vacation to attention of kids it is necessary to give besides, in certain models Fidelity of employees and their designation with corporation The Nipponese employee really closely identifies itself with the corporation which has employed it. Both the higher functionaries, and ordinary executors consider themselves as representatives of corporation. Each working is convinced of Japan that it the of import and necessary individual for the company and that its fate lies on his shoulders. Normally the Nipponese plants much for the company is one of shows of an designation of with house. Other show is that the Nipponese worker in answer to a inquiry on its employment names the company where it works. Asking this inquiry is satisfied with the reply as in such instances wish to larn the company name. In ordinary consciousness of Nipponese a word trade is identified with work, and practically means the organisation ( house ) where they work. Employees of the Nipponese companies seldom take twenty-four hours of remainder. Even if they are a small unhealthy, they continue to work. As they seldom take the twenty-four hours off for themselves or for a household, absenteeism ( the absenteeism relation to entire figure of the on the job yearss in a twelvemonth in per centum ) much more low, than in other states. The Nipponese worker agrees with the order of disposal on overtime work without the old notice on it, likely, without runing, but without vacillation as he feels duty and necessity of it. Lifetime Employment Theoretically, the longer the individual works in the organisation, the its designation with it should be stronger. The Nipponese corporations guarantee the employee work and utilize the system of compensation based on the senior status to forestall departure of the worker in other house. The longer the individual works in the company, the above its rewards and a station. Passed in other company loses the senior status and makes a fresh start. The employee of the big Nipponese company receives rewards yearly turning to pension ( usual pension age-60 of old ages ) . Thus, older employees receive the large rewards. Promotion depends foremost of all on figure of old ages of service in the company ( though sometimes and from age ) . Promotion depends non merely on the senior status, but besides from abilities and public presentation of responsibilities. Though the rewards of the employee raise yearly, publicity occurs non automatically. To make stations in the top direction, the employee is obliged to demo abilities and it is good to transport out the responsibilities. However publicity still depends on the senior status. The immature adult male who has shown the large abilities, can non be advanced in the top direction before accomplishment of certain age. Many big corporations limit publicity by age: for illustration, normally for the director it is 30 old ages, for the senior director 35 old ages etc. The Nipponese corporations consider that the modern system of promotion based on a combination of the senior status and successful public presentation of responsibilities, is the best agencies of accomplishment of the intents of the company in the Nipponese societal clime. In Japan the companies employ every twelvemonth many alumnuss straight from high schools and universities. The Nipponese houses seldom employ people of advanced age because it contradicts the described system of payment harmonizing to the senior status. Passages of workers from one company in another are rare. The usual employee plants in the same company from go forthing school and to pension. Intensive duologue Other method of beef uping of an designation of workers with the company is encouragement private and direct communications. There are some systems dealingss. Many Nipponese corporations hold official meetings: forenoon meetings, shop meetings and meetings of little groups ( circles of quality and ritual groups ) . Meetings normally pass every forenoon ( in some companies 1s in a hebdomad ) before work. Normally the higher pull offing manager references to employees with a statement of a policy of the company or refering moralss of concern. After its address the forenoon gymnastic exercises, and in certain instances a meeting is frequently exhausted comes to an terminal with the general cries: AÂ «we will work tensely! AÂ » After forenoon meeting workers can see workshop meeting. To each worker it is said that should be made this twenty-four hours, and some is given necessary for public presentation of work the information. After inquiries and replies are spent that treatment how to execute any work. The chief aim of concern meetings, of class, consists in transportation of orders by the head of store by worker. But the corporation, besides, intends by agencies of such contacts to go more rallied and effectual. What Drives History? EssayRecent tendencies in Nipponese Human Resource Management Laws and authorities activity January, 1st 2007, new revenue enhancement rates have come into force in Japan. Though there was no pure alteration in norms, including the local revenue enhancements, modulating alteration expanded definition of the lasting occupant in the revenue enhancement intents. Before, the revenue enhancement right considered the alien in Japan as the lasting occupant after shacking at that place within five old ages continuously. Now, the alien becomes the lasting occupant if they live in Japan within five old ages from ten continuously. The jurisprudence intended to halt pattern by some exiles periodic going and returning of Japan, to avoid to have the position of the lasting occupant and accordingly non due to pay revenue enhancements to the foreign-sourced income. The Nipponese authorities frequently changed the system of pension to do rapidly turning old Nipponese population. Harmonizing to the new governmental undertaking, Monthly national Pension ( NP ) payments should increase by the whole 25 % from current 66 000 hankerings ( about 577 USD $ ) to 83 000 hankerings ( about 725 USD $ ) . Other measure has offered enlargement of the Employee Pension Insurance ( EPI ) system, which receives now parts both from employers and from employees besides to include freeters , or the workers, occupied uncomplete twenty-four hours of work. Discussion should set besides in a realisation phase an overtime spent by employees to vouch that incidents karoshi , or decease from overtime work, can be reduced or eliminated. The mean overtime worked in surging of Japan about 2 000 hours yearly, with little recent alteration. If the jurisprudence is accepted, the companies would be obliged to increase an overtime payment from bing 1.25 times of a regular payment to 1.5 times when an overtime exceeds 80 hours per month. However, even if the measure is accepted, many uncertainty that the dugout state of affairs of Japan of long hours and non paid overtime can be corrected easy. The equal Law on Possibility in the field of employment of Japan ( EEOL ) which originally transfer in 1985, in the large grade has been reconsidered, effectual April 2007. 1985 jurisprudence was frequently mentioned as a toothless king of beasts because he has forbidden favoritism and prosecution in the theory, but really did non set up legal punishments for them. The current jurisprudence truly gives concrete punishments which will coerce it to hold more practical consequence for directors of HR. It besides forbids indirect favoritism, which addresses to methods of employment which seem impersonal, but are efficaciously favoritism. The illustration of indirect favoritism would demand, that the prospective employee has agreed on possible national transportations which is hard for adult females with households to accept. Besides, before it merely protected adult females in general, but now it besides protects work forces, pregnant adult females, and adult females with neonates fr om favoritism and prosecution. At last, the authorities slips support of instruction of kids to promote working female parents to come back to a labor. The authorities has suggested to raise the monthly grant to adult females in a pregnancy leave from 40 % to 50 % of their wages, merely as other plans. The original subsidiary plan of instruction of kids, entered in 2005, has made it obligatory for the companies with more than 300 employees to plan a program of action with the numerical intents for support of instruction of kids. Stream alterations to the plan intend to do little to houses of the mean size more friendly to working female parents besides. Hiring and HR tendencies During the long recession of the 1990 s, many Nipponese companies significantly cut back their hiring of new college alumnuss. Now that the economic system has improved, college hiring has besides picked up. ( At the same clip, the usage of part-time and contract employees in add-on to regular employees has become outstanding. ) Interestingly, in higher-ranked colleges, with increased competition, more alumnuss are reportedly turning down occupations from traditionally esteemed companies such as Bankss, big makers, and securities securities firms. Students grounds for turning down occupations extend beyond factors such as salary, company repute, or periphery benefits. They include hapless chances for future promotion, negative feelings during a occupation interview, or work/life instability. Foreign HR directors should understand that some younger Nipponese more and more with separate imposts in comparing with coevals of consent of the parents. A considerable measure of methods of hiring of the Western manner, such as the mention to involvements of novices and aspirations can non be neglected. Enterprises of quality of a life besides are more and more popular. Harmonizing to the Centre of Productivity of Japan of Social and economic Development, in 15 % of the companies using 5 000 or more employees now, there are plans of work from the house in a topographic point, and starts similar plans every month more. Focused by a household on enterprises grow besides, with Corporation Soft Bank, immense Nipponese communicating group, late declaring that she will pay its employee to 5 million hankerings ( about 42 700 $ ) to hold kids. At the same clip, the foreign companies have possibility to use endowment which could pretermit the local companies. For illustration, more than 2.5 million university diplomaed experts in Japan now work in clip or a partial employment over low wages as the companies did non use when they have graduated. Than longer they remain freeters , or the adrift workers, occupied uncomplete twenty-four hours of work, particularly hard it for them to happen wholly occupied workplaces in the traditional Nipponese companies. The occupied places matching wholly can turn to really much to them. Women besides instead thrown class of the qualified employee. Harmonizing to agency of the Equality of sexes of Japan, in 2005, adult females have occupied merely 10 % of places of direction in Japan ( above on 1 % with 1995 ) , in comparing with 32 % to Germany and 42 % in the United States. Ambitious members of this association of endowment of development it is frequent good elections, using employees for the Western companies in Japan. Many the foreign companies have started to direct the most promising helping in educational seminars and executive plans of developing to assist adult females to fall in following coevals of leaders. HR Professionals in the Western companies in Japan should fight with many challenges, including the governmental readyings for Japan nearest, ageing crisis, traveling societal dealingss on work, and increasing competition of work and mobility. At the same clip, as the Western companies are less traveling tradition, they besides more in a status to work these alterations, using new sorts of employees and offering advanced steps of a workplace. Advanced steps of a workplace include a payment for work and non womb-to-tomb employment Decision Japan the exceptional state unlike on one another ; and those uncountable responses that are actively developed and applied by experts in scientific forces disposal in stores, offices, stores represent no more than a superstructure over the powerful base, developing throughout centuries and including besides industrial and marketing domains such links of public organisation, as a household, school, the province. Efficient control the forces admits today the major factor of fight of the companies and accomplishments of economic success by them ; at the bosom of efficient control the forces the idea over scheme of usage of human resources , based on market rules of pull offing prevarications ; forces services in house possess the high position and big powers for complex system direction of a work force.

Lessons from Nelson Mandela an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Lessons from Nelson Mandela ABSTRACT Nelson Mandelas autobiography Long Walk to Freedom did not "electrify the world" but it surely electrified each and every person who bought and read it. The book promised to be an interesting read and it successfully delivered. As Nelson Mandela is a celebrated figure, he became the subject of numerous books, with Anthony Sampsons Mandela: The Authorized Biography being arguably the most accurate. But even the precision achieved by Sampsons biography on Mandela is incomparable to that of Long Walk to Freedom most probably because the book was penned by the very man it seeks to expose: Nelson Mandela. The book is full of secrets on the former President of South Africa, secrets that made the book an interesting read. But more than the entertainment value, what Id highlight about the book when recommending it to a friend is this: Life is full of many lessons, let Nelson Mandela teach you a few of themread Long Walk to Freedom. Need essay sample on "Lessons from Nelson Mandela" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Lessons from Nelson Mandela: A Reflection on Long Walk to Freedom David Roberts Jr. (1995) may have been right when he said that Nelson Mandelas autobiography Long Walk to Freedom may not "electrify the world" but it surely electrified each and every person who bought and read it. Providing a good look inside the mind of one of the greatest champions of human rights and racial equity, Long Walk to Freedom promised to be an interesting read and it successfully delivered. Nelson Mandela is best known for his efforts as an anti-apartheid activist. He is also known to be the first one elected in fully representative democratic elections. And he is also the former President of South Africa. He was recipient to many awards and honors, with the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 as probably the most noteworthy (Nelson Mandela, 2007). And as he is such a celebrated figure, it is but natural that he became subject of numerous books. A few notable ones are Martin Merediths Nelson Mandela, Tom Lodges Mandela: A Critical Life, and Mandela: The Authorized Portrait (Frankel, 2006). All three books tried their best to paint accurately the life that Mandela has lived. But the precision that these books achieved may not come close as to the one Anthony Sampsons Mandela: The Authorized Biography accomplished. Being an authorized biography, Sampsons book opened avenues of Mandelas life that nobody has exposed before. But Mandela: The Authorized Biography is no comparison to Lo ng Walk to Freedom when it comes to making surprising revelations about Mandelas life most probably because Long Walk to Freedom was penned by the very man it seeks to expose: Nelson Mandela. Being written by Mandela himself surely gave the book perspectives that other books could not afford. Even without the book, everybody already knew or at least thought they knew a lot about Nelson Mandela. Perhaps it is safe to assume that it is no secret that Mandelas advocacy has always been the freedom of his fellow South Africans, that his efforts towards this advocacy led to a 27-year imprisonment, that these same efforts broke up his marriage, and that he is considered one of if not the most respected presidents of South Africa. But between the pages of his 1995 autobiography, Mandela reveals pieces of information that has up to then remained a secret. Rolihlahla, loosely meaning "pulling the branch of a tree" and euphemism for "troublemaker" and childhood name of Nelson Mandela, may have been a foster son of a Thembu chief but he definitely lived a simple life. Mandela described how, as a child, hed walk barefoot through the paths of his village Qunu then play and fight with other boys from the village. He also painted other simplicities of his childhood life: Maize (what we called mealies and people in the West call corn), sorghum, beans, and pumpkins formed the largest portion of out diet, not because of any inherent preference for these foods, but because the people could not afford anything richer. The water used for farming, cooking, and washing had to be fetched in buckets from streams and springs. Few is any of the people in the village knew how to read or write, and the concept of education was still a foreign one to many. We slept on mats and sat on the ground. I did not discover pillows until I went away to school. (Mandela, 1995) It was also during the time he was still known as Rolihlahla that Mandela learned about humility: I learned my lesson one day from an unruly donkey. We had been taking turns climbing up and down its back and when my chance came I jumped on and the donkey bolted into a nearby thornbush. It bent its head, trying to unseat me, which it did, but not before the thorns had pricked and scratched my face, embarrassing me in front of my friends. Like the people of the East, Africans have a highly developed sense of dignity, or what the Chinese call "face". I had lost face among my friends. Even though it was a donkey that unseated me, I learned that to humiliate another person is to make him suffer an unnecessarily cruel fate. Even as a boy, I defeated my opponents without dishonoring them. (Mandela, 1995) Being an elementary teacher, what struck me the most was how Mandelas early life reminded me that children are naturally gullible so I should always be careful with the lessons I impart on kids. Given that as years go by, children are able to siphon which information to retain and which to discard, it is still undeniable that their early experiences mold what they will become in the future. As with Mandela, the kind of leader he became can be traced back to his childhood observations of how the regent went about his duties. Mandela (1995) writes: As a leader, I have always followed the principles I first saw demonstrated by the regent at the Great Place. I have always endeavored to listen to what each and every person in a discussion had to say before venturing my own opinion. Oftentimes, my own opinion will simply represent a consensus of what I heard in the discussion. I always remember the regent's axiom: a leader, he said, is like a shepherd. He stays behind the flock, letting the most nimble go out ahead, whereupon the others follow, not realizing that all along they are being directed from behind. (Mandela, 1995) Who would have thought that a diplomat such as Mandela was once engaged in boxing? Indeed, there was a point in his life when he, together with his son Thembi, would spend one and a half hours of his Mondays to Thursdays training. It wasnt much about the violence of the game but about "the science of it". He loved how rank, age, color, and wealth became irrelevant in the boxing ring. "Boxing is egalitarian," Mandela (1995) says. The sports ability to relieve him of stress and tension was another of boxings charm for Mandela. But what he loved most about it is its ability to shape hiss on into a leader with initiative and self-confidence. Perhaps one of the most piercing parts of Mandelas story was when he was forced to stay in prison during the deaths of his mother and son Madiba Thembekile, rendering him unable to say his proper goodbyes. It was especially hurtful because of the fact that these tragedies happened in short intervals (and even sandwiched another sad news of wife Winnies incarceration). This part emphasizes just how strong a character Mandela has had these events happened to a lesser man, that man could have broken down. This is another way in how Mandelas autobiography can change a persons life: Mandela makes people see that if somebody who already has so much burden on his shoulders can take more burden, people who live a relatively normal life can surely achieve the same feat. What was also amazing in reading about Mandelas life in Mandelas own words was how he was able to talk about freedom as nobody has defined it before. Mandela showed me how a fight for freedom can be an act devoid of selfishness: my hunger for the freedom of my own people became the hunger for the freedom of all people, white and black. I knew as well as I knew anything that the oppressor must be liberated just as surely as the oppressed. A man who takes away another mans freedom is a prisoner of hatred, he is locked behind the bars of prejudice and narrow-mindedness. I am not truly free if I am taking away someone elses freedom, just as surely as I am not free when my freedom is taken away from me. The oppressed and the oppressor alike are robbed of their humanity. (Mandela, 1995) Although it can be expected that the life Nelson Mandela lead was a difficult one, not just for himself but for his family as well, it was still heartbreaking to read the parts where he describes the struggles that his wife Winnie and children experienced. As he surmised, "When your life is the struggle, as mine was, there is little room for family." (Mandela, 1995) Winnie was, like him, very passionate about her advocacies. And even as this passion has gotten her into trouble at times, it was nothing compared to the trouble her marriage with Mandela has caused. She was constantly pressured and her family threatened. But even when Mandela got out of prison, things between him and his wife never normalized. It is a common knowledge that Mandela separated from his wife he announced so himself on April 13, 1992 but reading about his sentiments about the separation was sure a humbling experience: But just as I am convinced that my wifes life while I was in prison was more difficult than mine, my own return was also more difficult for her than it was for me. She married a man who soon left her; that man became a myth; and then that myth returned home and proved to be just a man after all. (Mandela, 1995) Such revelations make one realize that, painful as it may be to accept, becoming famous isnt always glitz and glamour and that behind the myth that Mandela has come to be known was the crumbling of a marriage he and his wife surely once dreamt to last forever. Hard as it was to read about the end of Mandelas marriage with Winnie, what touched my heart more was reading about the effect of Mandelas life to his children. One couldnt help but agree with (and feel the pain of) whether or not s/he is a parent the words Mandela said during his daughter Zindzis wedding: "To be the father of a nation is a great honor, but to be the father of a family is a greater joy. But it was a joy I had far too little of." (Mandela, 1995) If a "normal" parent whose only obligation is to work and tend to his children finds moments when s/he is having a hard time balancing between work and family, what more for a parent who is considered father of his nation? The following words are of grave importance to parents who take time to read Mandelas book as they are words that can make one feel that s/he is not alone in experiencing pain about not being able to always be with his/her family: In that way, my commitment to my people, to the millions of South Africans I would never know or meet, was at the expense of the people I knew best and loved most. It was as simple and yet as incomprehensible as the moment a small child asks her father, "Why can you not be with us?" And the father must utter the terrible words: "There are other children like you, a great many of them." and then ones voice trails off. (Mandela, 1995) Even without reading Long Walk to Freedom, one cannot deny that Nelson Mandela is indeed an admirable person, a person worth ones praise and veneration. But it is through the book that one comprehends that Mandela is so very unlike the superheroes that so colorfully jumps out of comic books Mandela may be great, he may have saved his fellow South Africans but he still is human. His book put him in a light where people can see his flaws, his joys, his pains and that makes him so much more loveable. Nelson Mandelas autobiography is such an easy read I believe it is the best autobiography (if not the best book) I have read. But more than the entertainment value, what Id highlight about the book when recommending it to a friend is this: Life is full of many lessons, let Nelson Mandela teach you a few of themread Long Walk to Freedom. REFERENCES Long Walk to Freedom (book). (2007, August 21). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 24, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Walk_to_Freedom_(book). Mandela, Nelson. (1995). Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela. Boston: Little Brown & Co. Nelson Mandela. (2007, August 27). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela. Roberts, David Jr. (1995, January 23). Long Walk to Freedom. book reviews. Find Articles. Retrived August 24, 2007.

Strategic dissonance

Strategic dissonance Strategic dissonance is what Praxim is facing. Their implied strategic intent has always been to build the best relationships of any PC supplier with corporate clients. They appear to do this better than their competitors do. However, they have also been happy to take profits off the top end of the consumer market. Now that profits are falling, and the consumer division is to blame, there is a conflict between their mission, and what actually needs to be done to survive let alone grow. CEO Jack Thompson has already made the decision to rethink the firm's strategic vision. His recruitment of Linda Marcus makes it plain that he is willing to significantly alter the goals of the consumer division, and drastically change its position within the company.Just as all managers faced with strategic dissonance, Jack must emotionally detach himself from the old ways of doing things. He has done a good job of allowing debate on the topic among his senior staff, but it seems he still needs to con vince himself that he is doing the right thing.English: This plan was created for the Wikimedia F...Just because the corporate market has been more important to Praxim in the past, does not mean that the consumer market cannot be just as important for the future.The management team at Praxim has arrived at a decisive moment. Even though this area generates 20 percent of the company's sales, profit margins are terribly low in their consumer sales division. If they dispose of it, their profit margin may go up, but the loss of sales might still drive down their overall performance. The team, divided on how to resolve this issue, but a close assessment of the fundamental facts will give way a clearer picture.The company is ready to make the drastic and radical changes Jack's new...

Eastern Red Cedar - Tree Species Overview

Eastern Red Cedar - Tree Species Overview Eastern red cedar or Juniperus virginiana is not a true cedar. It is a juniper and the most widely distributed native conifer in the eastern United States. Redcedar (red and cedar can be spelled together or separate) is found in every U.S. state east of the 100th meridian, which is a geographic vertical map  line separating east and west North America. This hardy tree is considered a pioneer tree species and often among the first trees to occupy cleared areas, where its seeds are spread by cedar waxwings and other birds that enjoy the fleshy, bluish seed cones. Fence lines attract the birds and red cedar trees become the new wild hedge. The Eastern Red Cedar Tree Range The red cedar range extends from southeastern Canada down to the Gulf of Mexico. To the west, native red cedar tree range only occurs east of the Great Plains but has been successfully spread toward the west by natural regeneration from planted trees. In the absence of fire, eastern red cedar thrives and may eventually dominate mid-western prairie or forest vegetation. Pure stands of eastern redcedar are scattered throughout the primary range of the species. Most of these stands are on abandoned farm lands or drier upland sites. Fire is destructive to the tree and often controlled or eliminated from a landscape with the use of controlled burning. The Hardy Eastern Red Cedar The dense but attractive foliage growth makes eastern redcedar a favorite for windbreaks, screens, and wildlife-cover for large yards and landscapes. Red cedars high salt-tolerance makes it ideal for seaside locations. Still, it is not recommended as a street tree where winter roads are salted because it can obstruct the view of traffic. This tree does well in poor, compacted soils and is a good tree for land reclamation. It does well in areas that experience drought during the year. Identification of Eastern Red Cedar The evergreen red cedar is a small to medium tree that rarely exceeds 50 feet in height. Redcedar is single-trunked and the only native juniper that is upright and columnar. The bark has shedding thin strips, the seed cones are berry-like and glaucous (blueish), the leaves are scale-like and pressed tightly against twigs. One other way to identify a red cedar is the presence  cedar-apple rust and bagworms that commonly infest/infect eastern red cedars. Uses of Eastern Red Cedar Red cedar wood is highly valued as a wood for the fine-grained, decay resistant wood used to panel closets and split for fence posts. Other uses include making pails, making lead pencils and making cedar chests. Speaking of chests, the volatile cedrine camphor oil has been proven to kill larvae of moths that feed on wool. Redcedar makes a lovely Christmas tree and comes with that perfect smell of the season. Selling it as a Christmas tree may not work where red cedar is not a preferred even though affordable Christmas tree. Eastern Red Cedar Trees Plant Easily Eastern redcedar can be planted in full sun or partial shade. Red cedar will easily grow in a variety of soils, including clay, but will not do well when roots are constantly moist or wet. Do not over water redcedar but do water seedlings until established, then leave the tree alone. Red cedars are difficult to transplant due to a coarse root system except when quite small. Still, when properly planted from nursery stock it will perform well with no care and can handle acid, alkaline soil and coastal soils. Usually, insects and diseases are not a problem if planted in open sun.

Nursing ethics and law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nursing ethics and law - Case Study Example However, it is not absolute and may be subject to some limitations as far as allowed by the law and Australian Code of Ethics. In the case study at hand, Maria Garza, a nurse practitioner, is faced with a dilemma relating to this aspect of ethical and legal question. She has a young teen, 15 years, who happens to have become pregnant but would not wish to have her mother, among other people, informed of her status. However, the teenager is equally helpless in the sense that she does not know what she would do about her pregnancy and may need to rely on the mother later, more so when the pregnancy complications sets in. The mother on the other hand appears to have taken note of this and has complained and sought an advice from Garza what the problem could be with her daughter, considering her recent frequent nausea and tiredness. Her mother comes in when the nurse is having a session with the daughter, during which she discloses her suspicion and worries to the nurse. 1.1 Main Issue T he main issue in this case is whether or not to conceal and not to disclose the information about a client (patient) that comes into the knowledge of a nurse in the course of her professional attendance to the client. ... The procedure of delivering the chosen course of action, so that neither the mother nor the daughter is harmed also becomes an issue. 1.2 Legal/Ethical Significant Considerations in the Case A number of ethical and moral considerations come into play in this case. Given that the nurse came to learn of Sandy’s pregnancy in the course of her professional duty, it is imperative as a matter of the law and ethics that she keeps it secret and confidential. As already pointed out, disclosing details of the client without the client’s consent or when the law has not permitted is inconsistent with the fundamental duty of confidentiality owed by a nurse to the patient (client). As a duty of the nurse, the correlative of it is that it translates into a right of the client. The Privacy Act (1988) provides that all personal information pertaining to an individual must be kept in trust and not revealed to third parties. In this case, Sandy’s mother may be viewed as a third par ty. Breach of this duty may be actionable in law. However, under the Privacy Act (1988), the duty of confidentiality and safeguard of privacy by those holding private information is not absolute. A professional or any other entity holding the information may disclose it if it is consistent with the purpose for which the information is primarily held or for the secondary related purposes or where the holder of the information is under a legal duty to make such disclosures. In this case, the essence of digging out Sandy’s health complication was to find out how best to have her medical conditions attended to. Given that her low haemoglobin level is attributed to her pregnancy, her parents will have to

Investigate the possible implications of inclusivity and exclusivity Essay

Investigate the possible implications of inclusivity and exclusivity of ICT within UK schools - Essay Example l Communications and Technology Agency)1 that have researched this issue of impacts of ICT in schools within the United Kingdom in the last two decades. Their study-ImpaCT1 and ImpaCT2 had analysed the statistical relationship between ICT use and education standards, pupil’s performances and in different ages and subjects UK being a developed country, the use of ICT has been very much advanced and most of the schools are now applying ICT in most of their learning practices. Focus has shifted from learning about ICT to learning through ICT. It is widely accepted that ICT has the following benefits as seen from studies here in the UK. At present, students are developing skills on range of technologies that have in the past made little impacts on the schools. There are several strategies that are being used to incorporate them into educational experiences of these pupils. (Garnham, 2000). An example of such technologies in the UK and other developed countries is the use of mobile phones to compile when students are away from home and with some modifications can be used as personal response systems. In the UK radio broadcast are day to day learning procedures not only in the junior levels but also at the university level. BBC broadcast is usually the favourite for most schools since it is being seen as the best media house with proper research structures. Such school radio programs as ‘Who wants to be a Millionaire?’ broadcasts directly to an MP3 which store the information immediately to be retrieved later by the user. Recent studies have looked at how interactive whiteboards influences learning and teaching processes in schools. It suggests that whiteboards offer visual display that go in line with the explanations offered by the teacher thus helps students to understand better. It further explains that it has a motivational effect especially when used at the primary school level. ICT technicians are the most useful people in the information society and

Cold War Essay Example for Free

Cold War Essay Cold War was a period marked by political, ideological and economic rivalry that emanated from United States and Soviet Union after the Second World War. The animosity between United State and USSR lasted between late 1940s and late 1980s . Cold war was coined from the fact that the two sides feared the effect using weapons, instead they resorted diplomatic ideologies rather than force. The rivalry between these two supper powers was exposed through the weapons developments, military coalitions, advances in industrialization and technology. Cold war brought tension to international crises, for example the Berlin Blockade (1948-49), the Korean War (1950-53), the Berlin crisis in 1961, Vietnam War (1959-75) the Cuban missile crisis and the Afghanistan war which raised fear of a Third World War . The NATO exercise in 1983 patent the end such crisis. The collapse of the Soviet Union marked the end of cold war between late 1980s and early 1990s and the progress towards democracy began. The then president of United States, Ronald Reagan, came up with new policies. He increased economic pressure, military action and diplomacy on Soviet Union who by then was undergoing economic crisis . The clear cut regarding the origin of the Cold War is not well known. While some historians trace its origin to the end of world war 11, others argue that it began at the end of the First World War in the 19th Century with the United States, Russian Empire and the British Empire. The ideological differences between capitalist and communist started in 1970 with the coming out of Soviet Union from Russian Revolution as a communist state. This resulted to tensions between United State and USSR because of the changes that occurred. The change in political point of views after the Second World War ushered in the Cold War. The nuclear arms race brought differences between US and Soviet Union. Between 1960s and 1970s, both United States and the Soviet Union adjusted to a new pattern of international relations bringing unity in the world. From the commencement of the postwar era, Western Europe and Japan hastily recovered from the destruction of World War II and continued strong economic growth. The 1973 oil crisis, combined with influence of Third World alignments such as the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the Non-Aligned Movement, less-powerful countries had more opportunity to affirm their independence. 2. 0 Effects of Cold War on the World Economy The cost of the Cold War was terrific; the military expenditure by United State during that period was estimated to have exceeded more than $8 trillion and nearly 100,000 American solders lost their lives in Vietnam and Korean War. The number of lives lost in the midst of the war by Soviet solders was hard to estimate. Millions of soldiers died in the superpowers proxy wars especially in the region of the globe, most markedly in the Southeast Asia. Following to the disbanding of the Soviet Union, post cold war become unpopular with the United States becoming the only superpower in the world. On 21st Dec 1991, the Commonwealth of Independent States was formed and it was viewed by many as a successor of Soviet Union. Russia slashed military spending after the end of cold war, leaving many unemployed . The financial crisis and recession affected Russia in 1990s when they tried to reform their economic capitalistic. The cold war also influenced the world affairs. It defines the united state political role in post-world war 11. In 1953, the US president Dwight D. Eisenhower reduced military expenditure by brandishing nuclear control while continuing to fifth cold war The U. S held military alliances with some countries estimated to 50 allied to them and had more than 1. 5 million troops abroad in 117 countries by 1989. Most of the local conflicts and proxy war ended with cold war. The ethnic wars interstate war, refugees and revolutionary wars declined sharply. Cold war conflicts legacy can not be erased effortlessly as numerous economic and social tensions exploited in third world are still fresh and acute. The struggle to control those countries they ruled by Communist government has twisted it course and produced ethnic wars and civil wars especially in Yugoslavia. T he ends of cold war soup a new era of economic growth and numerous liberal democracies in East Europe. Afghanistan attained independence but unfortunately their state failure. International conflicts The war between America and Iraq, the US claimed that Iraq was preparing biological, chemical and nuclear weapons of mass destruction. Saddam Hussein who was then the Iraq president denied the allegation. This war almost brought down the US economy. The soviet-Afghan war took nine years. It was a conflict between soviet forces supporting Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) government and Mujahedeen Resistance. The latter got support from United State, Saudi Arabia, and Pakistan and other Muslim nation in context to cold war. The incomplete conflict in Afghanistan has heathen tension in the war like that of Vietnam War. The U. S president Jimmy Carter said that the inversion of Soviet was â€Å"the most serious threat to peace since the Second World War† he later placed trade ban on Soviet Union. The tension was high and the Soviet took thousands military troop to oil rich region in the gulf. International diplomatic retort was harsh, Leading to boycott of 1980 summer Olympic in Moscow. The invasion and revolution in Iran, the US captive that accompanied them, the Iran–Iraq War, the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, the escalating tensions between Pakistan and India, and the rise of Middle East-born terrorism against the West, contributed to making the Middle East an extremely violent and turbulent region during the 1980s. Capitalism The capitalism is a state of government whereby economic production system are controlled by private sector rather than government. It is a social system based on individual rights. The exchange and distribution of capital between private persons or profit seeking legal are protected, and pricing of goods, distribution, services, income, and investment are determined through opened market economy in which any one can take part in supply and demand rather than central economic system. In to the history, capitalism has met resistance throughout. Some critics consider economic regulation necessary because it reduces negligence, corruptions and other problems arising from free markets. Trends associated to globalization have increased mobility of people and capital since 20th century. This has made capitalism to be viewed today as a world system. In the last half century, economic growth has been steady, life expectancy increased and infant mortality rate dropped in developing nation. In 2008, America and other governments were seeing state intervention in global markets signaling free-market capitalism. The financial Markets and uproar in banking system resulting from supreme mortgage crisis was at the peak in September 2008, this was seen by liquidity in global market and ongoing threats on investment banks. Communism Communism is a distinct socio-political philosophy that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless society that is willing to use force to accomplish its goals. Communism believes in equality force. They also embrace atheism and dismiss religion as basis formed by the rich and superpowers to lock off the poor. During cold war, communism spread into many countries. The Soviet Army captured several nations in both Eastern Europe and East Asia and expand communism. The Soviet communist took control in Romania, Poland, Bulgaria, Hungary, East Germany and Czechoslovakia. After the Second World War, Albania turned out to be independent communist nation. By 1950, Chinese communists controlled the majority of populous nation in the World. Whit rising control of the communism in the world, it led to fight through guerrilla warfare and conventionalism i. e. Korean War Vietnam War Middle East. Communists attempted to unite with socialist forces and nationalist against what they perceived as western imperialism in poor nations. The fear of communism was seen when Italian resistance movements and Chinas involvement in the Second World War. Western democrats and capitalist saw communist as a threat. This rivalry between the two superpowers was at the peak during the cold war. Their difference polarized the world into two camps whit each camp strengthening military power, developing new weapons and nuclear, fought each other through proxy client nations, and competed in space development technology. The U. S. feared communist spread hence spurred aggressive investigations deputation of suspected people, blacklisting and red-baiting. The economic critics of socialism was seen when they introduced free price system in market economy to guide economic activities. Free Market economist felt that controlled or fixed price will give inappropriate information about relative scarcity. The market economist sees that comparing the cost to sales revenue will enable business owners to evaluate their viability. Socialist reject market mechanism of pricing claiming that market system is tending towards monopoly or oligopoly to some key industries leading to prices distortion.

Femininity In Greek Myth Essay -- essays research papers

Is femininity in mythology? Yes because there is a division between men and women in mythology. Biology tells us that we are two different people. Men and women see the world in different ways. Women are passive, intuitive, submissive, and subjective. Women value love, communication, beauty, and relationships. Men are aggressive, rational, dominant, and objective and they value power, competency, efficiency, and achievement. The ways we see the world are different because we are either man or women. We are also similar as well as different. This paper will discuss the how women/goddess are viewed in the works of â€Å"Works and Days†, â€Å"Theogony† and â€Å"Hymn to Demeter.† And see that these women/goddess similar to real life women. In the Works and Days, women are seen as beautiful things and men strong and fighting creatures. Zeus, the king of gods, had Hephaestus fashion a woman endowed with everything, which he called Pandora. Pandora is described as a sweetly seductive female and her name refers to the gifts that all the gods give to mankind. She is made as a tempting snare for Epimetheus. She was sent with an urn full of plagues as a gift to Epimetheus. Pandora opened the jar and out came all the plagues and finally hope. This woman reminds men that not all-beautiful things are good and can be a pain in a man’s side. This lesson can be true for the world today. Women are not all sweetly seductive but they can be a real pain in the ass, especially for their boyfriends. In the Th...

Critical Mission of Homeland Security Essay

The Department of Homeland Security was created after the attacks of September 11, 2001. The Department was formed by merging many exiting resources and adding to the best practices already in place. The Strategic Objectives of the Department are stated by the Department as â€Å"We will lead the unified national effort to secure America. We will prevent and deter terrorist attacks and protect against and respond to threats and hazards to the Nation. We will secure our national borders while welcoming lawful immigrants, visitors, and trade. â€Å" (Homeland Security). Critical Mission of Homeland Security The critical missions of Department of Homeland Security are to prevent, protect, respond and recover. Through utilization of all available technology and resources the primary mission is to prevent an aggressive act. If they are unable to prevent the incident – the department will shift focus to protection. Protect as many citizens as possible from any imminent incident. If the incident could not be prevented the Homeland Security officials will respond to whatever the results are of the incident. This response could be in the way of coordinating with other agencies to provide the care and safety needed by the population in the affected area. The final mission is to recover from the incident. Although each mission is defined as a single mission – in practice they are often interlinked in execution. While protecting citizens from an incident – the agency at the same time may be proactively responding to the results of the incident. The recovery mission is over lapped in many areas by the response mission. Four Foundations of Homeland Security The National Strategy for Homeland Security has defined four foundations of homeland security. These foundations are; law, science and technology, information sharing and systems, and international cooperation. Each of these play a key part in providing for our national security. Identification and enforcement of the law. We have to know exactly what we are enforcing. Use of science and technology in each of the four critical mission areas. Information sharing was something various government agencies were not very effective at prior to 9/11. Since then Homeland Security has been working on removing many of the communication silos that were prevalent in the past. By open communication with several agencies – overall effectiveness is improved. International cooperation is the final of the four foundations that has to be built upon. With terrorist moving from nation to nation and planning many of the attacks from foreign soil – we have to work with all nations. International borders have to be permeable in today’s war on terror. Virginia Office of Commonwealth Preparedness The Commonwealth of Virginia has their own Department of Homeland Security. In Virginia it is called The Office of Commonwealth Preparedness. This office mirror many of the processes and objectives of the United States Department of Homeland Security. The Office of Commonwealth Preparedness works to make sure that all of the residents and businesses of the Commonwealth are safe, secure and prepared. Criminal Law and Civil Law Criminal Law and Civil Law are very different types of proceedings. Civil Law is usually a case between tow individuals or business entities. Criminal Law is a case between a person and a government. Civil Law In Civil Law a person is involved in litigation with another person or business. These are usually divorce cases, law suits due to injury at a place of business, or bankruptcy cases. Civil law never involves incarceration of either party because of the civil proceedings. There are some Civil cases that may become criminal cases. Stalking a spouse you are involved in a civil divorce proceeding with will lead to criminal charges being filed against the stalker. Civil law will never result in the incarceration of the guilty party. Fines in a Civil Law case are often paid to the other party in the proceeding. Criminal Law In Criminal Law there is a crime committed against society, or that endangers society by the action. Murder is a Criminal Law case. Although there may be only one victim – the perpetrator of the criminal act may do so again. Therefore, society must be protected from this person. Driving while intoxicated is also a criminal law case. Even though no member of society may have been harmed by the act of driving under the influence. There was a danger posed to society by the act of driving under the influence. Criminal law cases may result in incarceration or probation of the guilty party. Fines judged in a Criminal Law case are paid to the governing body prosecuting the case. Incarceration for Misdemeanor Crimes The main difference in the two types of crimes – misdemeanor and felony – is the amount of possible incarceration if convicted. A felony is a more serious crime and if convicted the accused could be sentenced to incarceration for a term greater than one year or death. Misdemeanor crimes are less serious offences and if convicted will result in incarceration of less than a year – if at all. I do not think those convicted of a misdemeanor should be incarcerated unless the person demonstrated no willingness to be rehabilitated through other means. Running a red light is a misdemeanor. Incarcerating this person for a period of time will serve no purpose in rehabilitation. The only outcome in this incarceration would be increase cost to the taxpayer of the community and increased crowding of jails. This accused will probably learn their lesson by paying a fine and undergoing a traffic safety class. The penalty of the crime will drive a lesson home to the accused. The taking a class will increase the general safety of the public. The current volume of cases on our court systems and the high cost of incarceration forces us to take a more lenient approach for misdemeanor crimes. Many in society would rather a person creating a danger to the public be off the streets rather than someone convicted of running a traffic light or petty theft. The penalty should be designed to make restitution and lead to rehabilitation of the accused. When we balance the crime with the penalty – then we can have a better society. Bibliography Homeland Security. (2008). Department of Homeland Security. One Team, One Mission, Securing our Homeland. Retrieved 20 March 2009, from, http://www. dhs. gov/xlibrary/assets/DHS_StratPlan_FINAL_spread. pdf

Personal & Professional Healthcare Communication Paper Essay

Communication, according to the Free Dictionary, is â€Å"the exchange of thoughts, messages, or information, as by speech, signals, writing or behaviors†. It is vital in the development and maintenance of personal and professional relationships. It is important to understand communication also includes non-verbal as well as verbal acts. According to Rane (2010), 93% of communication is nonverbal and body language is an effective nonverbal communication tool. There are two essential components in communication, which are a sender and receiver of a message. In the personal and professional health care communication paper, I will discuss the definition of healthcare communication, the relevancy of effective personal healthcare communication to health outcomes, how the lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communications contributes to poor health outcomes, and the theories and principles of therapeutic communication in health care settings for the healthcare pro fessional (UOP, 2012). Healthcare communication definition In the healthcare field communication is vital to provide optimal care for the patient and enhancing the ability to make informed decisions. Healthcare communication relates to communication between people in health care organization, according to Northouse, 1998. This communication allows for questions and answers to who, what, where, how and when about health-related information in the patient-healthcare professional relationship. When used correctly communication enhances patient outcomes and results from patient surveys. Relevancy of effective personal healthcare communication with other healthcare professionals, clients, and patients (UOP,2012) Communication with the healthcare team including the patient, their family, medical professionals such as the doctor, nurse, and ancillary services such as X-ray department, pharmacy is vital in achieving the best outcomes as a result of evaluation, intervention, and the overall status of the patient. In order to give high-quality health care, it requires effective communication between the team and the patient. In cases of Non-English speaking patients or individuals with hearing impairments, they require other resources for effective communication such as interpreters, picture board or other devices. The healthcare professional must explain procedures or management of care to the patient or family to ensure optimal goals. It is through effective communication that the healthcare professional empowers the consumer with knowledge related to their illness, its ’ schedule of care by increasing patient compliance. It is when the patient does not understand what is happening in the health care system they need the professional to be understanding and sensitive by taking time to explain. This aids the patient by meeting their need to understand according to Northouse, 1998. Relevancy of effective professional healthcare communication to health outcomes (UOP, 2012) Effective professional healthcare communication is relevant to desired health outcomes. Successful communication is essential between team members because it allows for the development of specific objectives to accomplish. The health care team strives as one but individually they ensure the patient reaches the desired outcomes. If all team members are not â€Å"on board† to assure the patient reaches the goals set forth causes an uphill battle which produces conflict. This conflict could be productive by encouraging the team to review a difference in opinion that can be beneficial for the patient. How the lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communications contributes to poor health outcomes (UOP, 2012)   The lack of effective personal and professional healthcare communication affects teamwork, patient satisfaction, patient safety, patient management, compliance with treatment, level of anxiety, job satisfaction efficiency, which potentially leads to poor patient health outcomes (www.health.vic.gov.au/qualitycouncil/safetymodul/page22.htm). The purpose of effective communication in healthcare is to provide first-class medical care, minimal to no medical errors and have precision; and without it there is room for medical errors, poor patient care and an ineffective team that produces undesired outcome. In the professional and patient relationship, the lack of good communication causes the patient to be apprehensive in asking questions, to worry about being bothersome because they feel other patients are sicker, and there is an assumption that the patient doe s not have any concerns. There are barriers to communication that include only one between the sender and receiver of the message understands the message, cultural differences, and lack of education. In sending the message it is essential that the message is received with clarity, it is concise and complete. If the patient has a language barrier, it can be masked by the patient not responding to information and it is detected as a result of poor or no compliance. In literacy concerns, all information should be presented on a 5th grade level to aid in the comprehension of the information. The care of the patient should be patient/family centered which helps in detecting any language, cultural or literacy barriers (Schyve, 2007). For example, a 46 year old single male patient that is functionally literate is admitted with a diagnosis of acute angina. During the admission process it is disclosed he completed the 7th grade which renders him functionally literate and there is no language barrier. The cardiologist (heart doctor) comes in and discusses his plan of care that includes a stress test. The nurse asks the patient if he has any questions and he reports he cannot do any exercise. The nurse provides information related to the procedure that includes using medications to mimic the manual exercise. The theories and principles of therapeutic communication in health care settings for the healthcare professional (UOP, 2012) Therapeutic communication is a process in which the nurse consciously influences or helps the client to better understanding through verbal or nonverbal communication (The Free Dictionary). There are detailed approaches that promote the expression of feelings and ideas that convey approval and respect in a non judgmental manner. Therapeutic communication encourages the patient to participate in the plan of care. The patient would not be receptive to engaging in communication if the nurse runs in and out of the room hurriedly or promises to perform a task and not complete it. It is important that the patient views the care professional as one that is cari ng and willing to go the extra mile for the patient. The patient can be appreciative of any act of kindness displayed by the professional in as they promote Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. Most nurses chose this career because of a genuine caring attitude toward all mankind therefore using the Watson’s caring theory will enhance the caring system. The information found in Watson’s caring theory helps the nurse revisit the place of traditional values, which is the foundation of becoming a nurse The following are Watson’s clinical caritas process (es): †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Practice of loving-kindness and equanimity with context of caring-consciousness† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p.116); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Being authentically present and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and the on-being-cared-for† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p.116); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self. Being sensitive to self and other† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p.116); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p.116); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Being present to and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the on-being-cared-for† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 116); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process and engagement in artistry of caring-healing practices† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 117); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning and attempts to stay within other’s frame of reference† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 117); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Creating healing environment at all levels (physical as well as nonphysical) whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 117); †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness; administering human care essentials, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care; attending to both embodied spirit and evolving emergence†, (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 118) and †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœOpening and attending to spiritual-mysterious and existential dime nsions of one’s own life-death; soul care for self and the one-being-cared-for† (Alligood & Tomey, 2006 p. 118). The Caring Theory facilitates therapeutic communication because it addresses all aspects of the patient’s being which encourages the patient to be more open and receptive to the treatment and procedures needed to promote desired outcomes. â€Å"Give to everyone who asks of you, and from the one who takes what is yours do not demand it back. Do to others as you would have them do to you† (King James Bible, Luke 6:30-31). In conclusion, effective communication is understood by the patient and healthcare team and if there is a misunderstanding the communication is nonexistent, the terms of health care cease or continues with poor quality and high risks to patient safety (Schyve, 2007). Effective communication enhances the potential to provide error-free care of the patient. When there is an error it is viewed as the inability to provide optimal patient care (O’Daniel & Rosenstein, date unknown). In order to provide premium quality patient care effective communication is a requirement; therefore it is an important role of communication and teamwork to reduce errors in the medical field thus increasing patient safety and promoting desired outcomes (Grover, 2005). I believe in providing therapeutic effective communication the health care professional should utilize professional skills learned especially those the endorse a caring and nurturing nurse-client/patient or professional-professional relationship. References Alligood, M. R. & Tomey, A. M. (2006). Nursing theory: Utilization & application (3rd ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier Grover, S. M. (2005). Shaping Effective Communication Skills and Therapeutic Relationships at Work. AAOHN Journal, 53(4), 177. King James Version. (1976). The Holy Bible. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson, Inc Northouse, L. & Northouse, P. (1998) Health communication: Strategies for health professionals (3rd ed.) Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall O’Daniel, M. & Rosenstein, A. ( ). Chapter 33. Profession Communication and Team Collaboration www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/docs/O’DanielM_TWC.pdf Rane, D. B. (2010). Effective Body Language for Organizational Success. IUP Journal Of Soft Skills, 4(4), 17-26. Schyve, P. (2007). Language Differences as a Barrier to Quality and Safety in Health Care: The Joint Commission Perspective. Society of General Internal Medicine The free dictionary. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/therapeutic+communication†>communication The free dictionary. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/therapeutic+communication†>therapeutic communication University of Phoenix, 2012. HCS/350-Health Care Communication www.uop.edu Why is communication important in health care? http://www.health.vic.gov.au/qualitycouncil/safety_module/page22.htm

Free Essays on Cannery Row

Cannery Row By John Steinbeck This book took place in Monterey. This book is about a real-life street in Monterey. This street is one of America's most talked about streets. This story is about the events that took place in that town and street one week. It’s during the aftermath of the depression. A major character in the story is Dora. She has orange hair and always wears green evening dresses. Dora owns a place called the Bear Flag Restaurant. It is a whore house. Dora gives money to the Chamber of Commerce, Red Cross, Boy Scouts, Community Chest, and Police Department, so she can keep her illegal business open. Another character is an old Chinese man. Some think he is a God and some think he is death and comes to get the dead at night. All the people of Cannery Row are scared of him except for a ten year old boy named Andy. Andy was there visiting family and didn't know all the rumors of him. Andy would watch the old Chinese man come in and out of the water each night. One night he decided to approach the old man. The old Chinese man talked to the little boy for about two hours and then returned to the water. No one ever heard what they talked about. There was something strange about him, he had one brown eye and one green eye. Then there is Mack and the boy s. Mack is the main leader of his group. He is a drunk and lives in an old vacant building. Your typical bum. He conned the building from the town grocer. Eddie is an understudy bartender. He fills in at the local bars when needed. Every time he works he steals alcohol for â€Å"the boys.† He lives with Mack. Next is Hazel, who was named after his mother's sister. He is also a poor drunk. Hazel helps the Doc of the town because he loves to help with the animals. Guy is a mechanic. This character was married but he left his wife to live with Mack, because he was tired of being tied down. Most of these guys like to beg of... Free Essays on Cannery Row Free Essays on Cannery Row Cannery Row By John Steinbeck This book took place in Monterey. This book is about a real-life street in Monterey. This street is one of America's most talked about streets. This story is about the events that took place in that town and street one week. It’s during the aftermath of the depression. A major character in the story is Dora. She has orange hair and always wears green evening dresses. Dora owns a place called the Bear Flag Restaurant. It is a whore house. Dora gives money to the Chamber of Commerce, Red Cross, Boy Scouts, Community Chest, and Police Department, so she can keep her illegal business open. Another character is an old Chinese man. Some think he is a God and some think he is death and comes to get the dead at night. All the people of Cannery Row are scared of him except for a ten year old boy named Andy. Andy was there visiting family and didn't know all the rumors of him. Andy would watch the old Chinese man come in and out of the water each night. One night he decided to approach the old man. The old Chinese man talked to the little boy for about two hours and then returned to the water. No one ever heard what they talked about. There was something strange about him, he had one brown eye and one green eye. Then there is Mack and the boy s. Mack is the main leader of his group. He is a drunk and lives in an old vacant building. Your typical bum. He conned the building from the town grocer. Eddie is an understudy bartender. He fills in at the local bars when needed. Every time he works he steals alcohol for â€Å"the boys.† He lives with Mack. Next is Hazel, who was named after his mother's sister. He is also a poor drunk. Hazel helps the Doc of the town because he loves to help with the animals. Guy is a mechanic. This character was married but he left his wife to live with Mack, because he was tired of being tied down. Most of these guys like to beg of...

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay

Alcohol Prohibition In 1920s History Essay Women, the driving factor in prohibition, believed that prohibition would make alcohol’s presence in society go away this would resolve the majority of societal issues.. The prohibition movement only made the alcohol problem worse by increasing the percentage of alcohol in one drink, due to the new group of people it created. This group was coined with the name moonshiners or bootleggers, and these people were in the very profitable business of producing alcohol illegally. Not only did they make alcohol illegally, but the alcohol that they did make was a lot more potent than the alcohol that was sold prior to prohibition. They could not transport beer, or even wine very easily because of the sheer volume that it would take to intoxicate a person. Moonshiners had to resort to something that would be more profitable and easier to transport. â€Å"Well, one of the things that happen when you outlaw any product is that the product returns underground. Correct? But it returns und erground in a more concentrated form. And the problem with beer is it’s very difficult to hide. So, in most parts of the United States, beer actually was not available during Prohibition. Instead, you had to substitute bathtub gin.†(See Appendix 3) Alcohol sold before 1920 was usually low proof, but when moonshine came about it was up to 190 proof , or 95% alcohol. The picture â€Å"Still Diagram† shows a diagram of how moonshiners built their valuable stills that could produce very high proof alcohol. (See Appendix 1) This was something that women did not think about. They just believed that they alcohol would go away, not be transferred into a different more potent form. People would get a lot drunker a lot faster only making worse the problem that women saw before. This alone made prohibition a complete failure. Seeing that moonshine was illegal, this turned many citizens, who used to be good law abiding citizens, into criminals. These citizens were people who held respectable jobs, and were very capable members of society, and not just people who were the stereotypical criminals. With more people breaking laws, and a new underground business, this led to the ever rising crime rate, leaving the police outnumbered. â€Å"The most successful gangs became ever larger and more organized. With the money made from liquor they were able to branch out into a variety of other criminal enterprises, and eventually they used the money to take over legitimate business. The structure of what we now call organized crime was born during prohibition.† (Cohen 49) It was very hard for authorities to keep up with something so new that they had never had to combat before. What started out as a good idea was falling apart day by day. â€Å"The demand for alcohol was outweighing (and out-winning) the demand for sobriety.† (National Archives) This became such a profitable business that in most cases the ends would justify the means. After all, thi s was a tax free business, and the money that was coming into bootleggers from selling their moonshine was more that most of them have seen in their entire life. Women did not approve of this at all. This was not what they had intended when they posed the idea of prohibition. Creating more problems in a society that they had already deemed as corrupt was the last thing they want to do, but they did not realize their ideology was just fueling the issues they felt that were already bad enough in their society.

How Have the Yoruba People Contributed to Modern Mathematics Essay

How Have the Yoruba People Contributed to Modern Mathematics - Essay Example Although people normally think of mathematics as coming from a European tradition, there is also a strong African tradition of mathematics.   This tradition goes all the way back to ancient Egypt when early mathematicians devised the formulas necessary to build the Great Pyramids.   It is the basic assumption of the current report that two important additions to mathematics made by Africa include innovations from Egypt and from the Yoruba tradition, and that these additions have direct relationships to the modern world today, in terms of connecting mainstream mathematics with African traditions. First of all, there is the Egyptian tradition, as mentioned in Lumpkin’s in-depth research on mathematics.   As noted, Egypt had a rich tradition of mathematics and geometry in very ancient times.   Ancient times can be connected to modern times, as this author notes because today they feel â€Å"fortunate to have been alerted to a reference to "an Egyptian zero" while discussing AE mathematics with Egyptologist Frank Yurco in Chicago. This reference was based not on a mathematical papyrus, but on balance sheets in papyrus Bulaq 18† (Lumpkin, 2009).   This Bulaq was a bookkeeping record kept by the ancient Egyptians thousands of years ago, showing that although these years have passed, we have something in common with the ancient world.   The idea of true zero is a very mathematically advanced one that has been discovered by many cultures.   It is not just Europe but also places like Africa and China, where the ancient meets the modern in mathematical theory.à ‚   People in bookkeeping today are still using true zero to do such tasks as making absolute transfers.   â€Å"There was also a zero reference level marked on construction lines used as early as 2700 BCE. These lines, still visible at Old Kingdom  pyramids and tombs, show the beginning of metricizing space† (Lumpkin, 2009).   The ancient Egyptian Africans used these advanced mathematical concepts to build their monumental architecture, just like architects today.

Experiment Mitosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Experiment Mitosis - Essay Example Cell division is a fundamental process in both plants and animals’ growth and development as well as recreation. This paper investigates the mitosis process in both plants and animals’ cells to identify distinct stages of mitosis and the structure of cells at each stage. The experiment identifies similarity in mitotic stages for cells in both plants and animals. The mitotic process leads to division of one parent cell to form two identical daughter cells that can further undergo subsequent mitotic divisions. Introduction Cells are the fundamental elements of living things, both plants and animals. Consequently, realized mechanisms originate from cells and manifest in organs and the entire organism. Mitosis and meiosis are some of the fundamental processes that take place at the cell level. They refer to cell divisions that lead to generation of new cells to replace dead or worn out cells, generation of cells for development of organs, and cell division towards growth. M itosis leads to generation of identical daughter cells for growth or replacement of cells in organs. It takes place in a number of stages, interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 77- 80). The interphase is a preliminary stage in cell division that precedes the mitotic stages. It is fundamental as it forms the largest percentage of a cell’s life. The major activity at this stage is replication of cell proteins within cells and developments to visibility of cell nucleoli. Mitosis however has four stages that result into cell division. The first stage is the prophase, followed by metaphase, anaphase, and telophase respectively (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 79). At the prophase, â€Å"strands of chromosomes begin to condense† and can be seen with the aid of a powered microscope. Visibility of the nucleoli however disappears while fibers develop in the cell’s cytoplasm. The developed fibers emanates from a pair of centrosomes that stretch to opposite poles of the cytoplasm. Disintegration of the â€Å"nuclear membrane begins† at this stage and marks the end of the prophase and the process moves to the metaphase (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 79). At the metaphase stage, the chromosomes are arranged along a plate that is perpendicular to the centrioles’ plane and the â€Å"spindle fibers† interlink the centrosomes and the chromosomes (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 79). A new phase, the anaphase is then marked by disintegration of chromosomes into centromeres that are then attracted to the centrosomes along the fibers (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 79). The cell then enters a new phase, the telophase, where the pulled chromosomes converge at the opposite sides of the cell, along the fibers and the nuclear membrane begins to reappear. Each set of chromosomes assumes the normal thread like structure and the nuclear membrane develop around each group of chromosomes to form two nucleuses within the cytoplasm (Toole and Toole, p. 139). The cytokinesis process, where the cytoplasm divides to form two different cells then follows this (Goldberg and Goldberg, p. 79- 80). The structure of the cells in plants and in animals may however be different. This is because of a number of factors such as the lack of significance of the spindle fibers in the plant cells. The nucleus, rather than spindle fibers in plant cells, moves to define the new position of chromosomes in the mitosis process (Cassimeris, Plopper and Lingappa, p. 952). This paper seeks to explore mitosis in plants and animals’ cells. It aims at describing chromosomal events in mitosis, differentiating between plants and animal cytokinesis, and explaining why mitotic divisions are necessary in living systems. Materials and methods The experiment used the following materials and equipments Allium root tip slide Whitefish blastula slide Living onion roots Acetic oxcelin Mitosis models Methods Using a prepare d slide of onion root tip and a 4x objective, a

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 25

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example journal was written to identify auditing of books of account of any business as an important activity for every stakeholder of any business organization to always remain updated. The author insists that every stakeholder of any business has the right to be informed about the statement of account in order to know whether the business is of any benefit to the society. Moreover, the author brings out the importance of auditing the inventory of the business to is keep track of the company’s products and merchandise. There is the use of exclamatory of the sentence when he orders the manager and company shareholders to perform the procedure of auditing typically to gain valuable information that would help them avoid overstocks and shortfalls. This makes his rhetorical strategies strong as processes such as auditing, and staff satisfaction has a correlation in the operation and performance of a business to the satisfaction of customer’s satisfaction. However, there is need to examine the accountability of those responsible for process and staffs satisfaction and their outcome to customer’s satisfaction in order to determine the effectiveness of Ballou and Heighter argument. The author targets all business organization stakeholders because they play vital roles in the running an organization such as translating strategies into desired behaviors and results. He uses the illustrations such as monitoring progress, providing feedback via use of auditing system and motivating staffs through performance –based rewards and sanctions and says that their results have a positive or negative impact on the customers. After auditing, the business management has the responsibility to publish ther audited report providing a statement of account to the government in order the latter can calculate the amount of tax that the business organization should be paying. The magnitude of tax will depend with the income realized after every accounting period as provided by the statement

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession

Consequences of Celebrity Obsession Sewon Chu Celebrity/Media Addiction In this world we live in, there are over seven billion people with many different dreams and ambitions. Some are satisfied with living in a small village with close relationship with just about everyone living in that village. Some are content to live the fast-paced life of the metropolis, where millions of people carry on their daily lives. Then there are some people who seek fame through acting, singing, beauty or their hard work and have their faces all over the media: celebrities. Celebrity is defined as not only those who sing, dance, and act but just famous or well-known person according to Merriam-Webster Dictionary.[1] Celebrities exist in all parts of the globe because they are essential needs to human life called entertainment. Entertainment is a necessity to human life because it brings joy, happiness and different sorts of positive feelings. However, it has expanded from just pure entertainment into something more serious recently. Now, the public is starting to become he avily interested in the daily personal lives of these celebrities because of the media, which has led to many people becoming obsessed with the lives of celebrities. People are obsessed with celebrities now more than ever because the obsession has become an integral part of our daily lives that results from psychological and social reasons. According to the Daily Banter, one of the reasons why people are obsessed with celebrities is because our brains think that the leaders or creative innovators should be respected.[2] Celebrities can become inspirations to the future generations who aim to become acknowledged for their hard work one day in fields that may be very difficult to become successful in. People are able to form a bond in their minds with their favorite public figure through the assimilation of the celebrity’s characteristics and have positive emotions when they think about that celebrity.[3] Granted, some of the actions by celebrities are not the actions leaders or innovators should be doing, such as drug usage, but the public is interested in all aspects of a celebrity’s life because of the media coverage. When a celebrity couple like for an example artists Beyoncà © Knowles and Jay-Z has a child, the news of the birth was all over social networks, newspapers, T.V., and internet news. However , if someone who was just an ordinary couple were to give birth to a child, only their friends and families will know about the good news. As a result, because the celebrity couple will have media exposure of their child’s birth, they are considered â€Å"more special† than the ordinary couple even though they are doing the same thing: giving birth to a child, which leads to other ordinary people to pay attention to the news of the celebrity couple. The fact that media is exposing these news about celebrities makes ordinary people have this notion that the celebrity is special which leads to the feeling of envy and the need to make those celebrities their personal role models. Also, when the media shows the celebrities, the celebrity tends to live the luxurious life. They wear nice and fashionable clothes that are sometimes custom-made, wear exquisite jewelry, drive or hire a driver that drives their exotic cars, drink expensive alcohol. This result in people wanting c elebrities as their role models because with their talent and fortune they were able to make these purchases. Having a celebrity for a role model can be positive because role models help people aspire to become better and grow as a human being. Celebrity admiration can have an influence on other people. For an example, when celebrities donate money to charity and be philanthropic to others or win awards for their hard work, it aspire people to become the same better person. One good example was how many well-known people such as Bill Gates, Whoopi Goldberg, Matt Damon, Will Smith, Kevin Hart, Anne Hathaway and Benedict Cumberbatch took part in the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge which served as a cause to raise awareness of Lou Gehrig’s disease. Consequently, this led to many people to participate as well. But certainly celebrity influence can’t only be positive. While the ALS Bucket Challenge may have succeeded in raising awareness to people and it was for a good cause, many people did it without knowing what ALS even is, also they forget the fact that there are parts of the world th at has little to no access to fresh/clean water. So while the ALS Bucket Challenge has raised awareness for a disease, in a sense, it has left people less aware of the water shortage issue in other countries. Also, this shows just how much celebrities can influence ordinary people in a negative way. They forget that they’re wasting water because famous people were doing it which means that in some cases people will be blinded and wouldn’t be able to differentiate whether what their role model celebrity is doing is the right thing or not. For an example, celebrities such as Justin Bieber and Miley Cyrus both have a massive fan base. When they were younger than they were now, they had an innocent image as well as their talent that attracted so many fans. However, now that some years have passed since they debuted, it seems as though their image has become rather negative. There are YouTube videos that show Justin Bieber trying to fight a reporter and also he was charged with DUI (driving under the influence) in Florida, and Miley Cyrus has made some controversial music videos and statements. The reason why this is a major problem is that media exposure to these negative characteristics mixed with obsession about these celebrities will make people think that what they are doing is reasonable and in turn, result in people imitating those celebrities. Celebrities have so much influence now that even the governor of California from 2003 to 2011 was none other than Arnold Schwarzenegger[4], who is an immigrant from Austria. Before Schwarzenegger, Ronald Reagan was also a celebrity turned governor, and he went further as to become a U.S. president. The point is not if these two men were the right choice but the point is that it seems as though celebrity influence has a greater power than people realize. Psychologist James Houran has conducted a survey of more than 600 people and has discovered a psychiatric condition: celebrity worship syndrome.[5] According to the survey, one out of three Americans and British has it to a certain degree that the groups were divided into three different categories: entertainment social, casual stargazing; intense personal, feeling a connection with a celebrity; borderline pathological, similar to a stalker. He believes that the numbers will intensify with the advancement of technology such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media which allows easier access to information worldwide. People will â€Å"share†, â€Å"like†, â€Å"tag†, â€Å"retweet† videos or articles about celebrities and whoever is their social network friend or follower will have access to that celebrity news. Technology has indeed become an important factor as to why people are becoming more and more obsessed with celebrities. Today, the ac cess to media is easier than ever before; there are magazines solely dedicated to stories about the latest celebrity gossip, known as tabloids. Other than that, there are various social network sources as mentioned before such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other social media that can provide the latest update on celebrity news. Also, TV news channels cover celebrity gossip when there are other important news stories to be discussed. It has become a trend nowadays to know the basic knowledge of celebrity gossip as Daniel Kruger, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Michigan points out, â€Å"Knowing what is going on with high-status individuals, you’d be better able to navigate the social scene.†[6] If a person does not know the latest news of a certain celebrity, that person can possibly be socially excluded from a conversation or a group because they lack the information. They do not want to feel like an outcast from their group of people so even if they do not care about celebrity gossip, some are forced to know all of the juicy gossip. Socially, people want to be fit in and have a sense of belonging in a community. As a result, people will spend more time watching the latest celebrity gossip instead of learning something new or better their lives in some way because they might believe that knowing the latest gossip is in fact bettering them because of the social benefits of fitting in. Today’s social standards of beauty has also become a poisonous because every year it seems as though those standards are becoming higher as more and more beautiful and handsome models become the faces of the entertainment industry. This leads to many young people to resort to plastic surgery because they believe that their natural face is unfit for the standard of society as Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman points out in their article, Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery: â€Å"Cosmetic procedures have become pervasive, advertised in the mass media, and the subject of countless TV programs, such as Dr. 90210 (created in the United States but internationally known). The American Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery estimates that the number of children less than 18 years of age undergoing cosmetic surgery procedures by their members has ranged from 33,000 to 65,000 annually in the past 10 years, with nonsurgical cosmetic procedures ranging from 91,000 to 190,000 per year[7]† As bad as celebrity obsession might sound, it can actually be helpful for people with social difficulties. Celebrities now can interact with their fans via social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram and have a one-sided relationship with them. While it does sound like an unhealthy relationship, studies show that it is quite the opposite. There was a study conducted in 2008 by University of Buffalo researchers who discovered that â€Å"celebrity worship† helps people with self-esteem issues or fears or rejections by allowing them to have one-sided bond with a celebrity. Another study involved 348 undergraduate students completing a self-esteem questionnaire, writing an open-ended essay about their favorite celebrity, and then completing the questionnaire again. The results showed that people who initially scored low on the self-esteem, after completing the essay scored much higher the second time.[8] This shows that one-sided relationships with these celebrities fi ll the void of loneliness to those who have low self-esteem, and to those who do not have many real friends. These one-sided relationships can possibly help them become more social to other people as well. Celebrity obsession should not be dismissed completely because the celebrities can become positive role models for the growth of people and the obsession can also assist people with social difficulties. However, it is evident that people are becoming more and more obsessed with media now than ever before and it is becoming a major problem. With the advancement of media technology, the accessibility of celebrity news is easier than ever before. Psychologically, our brains are programmed to instinctively respect or idolize someone who seems to be of a higher class and since celebrities attract attention we unconsciously believe they are of a higher class, which leads to celebrities having a major influence in people as well as people following the way celebrities act in their personal life. The fact that nowadays celebrity gossip is a necessity to be fit in is also another negative aspect of celebrity obsession, which leads to using cosmetic surgeries as an option. Bibliography Abraham, Anisha and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011,  www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 Furst, Jessica. â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue.† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013,  http://thedailybanter.com/2013/06/why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities-our-dna-provides-a-clue/ Gray, Keturah. â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds.† ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 Park, Alice. â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html Sifferlin, Alexandra. â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [1] Merriam-webster.com. Celebrity Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary. N. p., 2014 [2] Jessica Furst, â€Å"Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities? Our DNA Provides a Clue,† Daily Banter, June 27th 2013 [3] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?,† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012 [4] Wikipedia Contributors, â€Å"List of Governors of California.† Wikipedia, November 6th 2014, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_California [5] Keturah Gray, â€Å"Celebrity Worship Syndrome Abounds†, ABC News, September 23rd, http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/story?id=101029 [6] Alexandra Sifferlin, â€Å"Oscar Fixation: Why Are We Obsessed With Celebrities?† TIME Health Family, February 27th 2012, http://healthland.time.com/2012/02/27/oscar-fixation-why-are-we-obsessed-with-celebrities/ [7] Anisha Abraham and Diana Zuckerman, â€Å"Adolescents, Celebrity Worship, and Cosmetic Surgery† Journal of Adolescent Health, November 2011, www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1054139X11003028 [8] Alice Park, â€Å"Celebrity Worship: Good for Your Health?† TIME Health Family, September 15th 2008, http://content.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1841093,00.html